Caste discrimination involves massive violations of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. Caste systems divide people into unequal and hierarchical social groups. Those at the bottom are considered \u2018lesser human beings\u2019, \u2018impure\u2019 and \u2018polluting\u2019 to other caste groups.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
According to UNICEF and Human Rights Watch, caste discrimination affects an estimated 260 million people worldwide. Discrimination based on caste, as perceived by UNICEF, is mainly prevalent in parts of Asia, (India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, Nepal, Japan), Africa and others. As of 2011, there were 200 million Dalits or Scheduled Castes (formerly known as \\”untouchables\\”) in India \u00a0They are known to be \u2018untouchable\u2019 and subjected to so-called \u2018untouchability practices\u2019 in both public and private spheres. \u2018Untouchables\u2019 \u2013 known in South Asia as Dalits \u2013 are often forcibly assigned the most dirty, menial and hazardous jobs, and many are subjected to forced and bonded labour. Due to exclusion practiced by both state and non-state actors, they have limited access to resources, services and development, keeping most Dalits in severe poverty.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
They are often de facto excluded from decision making and meaningful participation in public and civil life. Lack of special legislation banning caste discrimination or lack of implementation of legislation, due to dysfunctional systems of justice and caste-bias, have largely left Dalits without protection. Despite policy development and new legislation in some countries, fundamental challenges still remain in all caste-affected countries.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
The division of a society into castes is a global phenomenon not exclusively practiced within any particular religion or belief system. In South Asia, caste discrimination is traditionally rooted in the Hindu caste system, according to which Dalits are considered \u2018outcasts\u2019. However, caste systems and the ensuing discrimination have spread into Christian, Buddhist, Muslim and Sikh communities. They are also found in Africa, other parts of Asia, the Middle East, the Pacific and in Diaspora communities.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Religious, historical and socio cultural factors have helped define the bounds of endogamy in some parts of Pakistan. There is a preference for endogamous marriages based on the clan-oriented nature of the society, which values and actively seeks similarities in social group identity based on several factors, including religious, sectarian, ethnic, and tribal\/clan affiliation. Both ethnic affiliation (e.g. Pathan, Sindhi, Baloch, Punjabi, etc.) and membership of specific biraderis or zaat\/quoms are additional integral components of social identity. The Nepalese caste system resembles that of the Indian j?ti system with numerous j?ti divisions with a varna system superimposed for a rough equivalence. But since the culture and the society is different some of the things are different. Inscriptions attest the beginnings of a caste system during the Licchavi period. Jayasthiti Malla (1382\u201395) categorized Newars into 64 castes (Gellner 2001). A similar exercise was made during the reign of Mahindra Malla (1506\u201375). The Hindu social code was later set up in Gorkha by Ram Shah (1603\u201336).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Caste discrimination often outlawed in countries affected by it, but a lack of implementation of legislation and caste-bias within the justice systems largely leave Dalits without protection.<\/p>\r\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Caste discrimination involves massive violations of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. Caste systems divide people into unequal and hierarchical social groups. Those at the bottom are considered \u2018lesser … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-22","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"magazineBlocksPostFeaturedMedia":{"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"hitmag-landscape":false,"hitmag-featured":false,"hitmag-grid":false,"hitmag-list":false,"hitmag-thumbnail":false,"bdpp-medium":false},"magazineBlocksPostAuthor":{"name":"ambedkarsociety.org\/assa","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d54a4e1d0f529f0b1d16c3f7071a5b44?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"magazineBlocksPostCommentsNumber":false,"magazineBlocksPostExcerpt":"Caste discrimination involves massive violations of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. Caste systems divide people into unequal and hierarchical social groups. Those at the bottom are considered \u2018lesser … ","magazineBlocksPostCategories":[],"magazineBlocksPostViewCount":0,"magazineBlocksPostReadTime":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ambedkarsociety.org\/assa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ambedkarsociety.org\/assa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ambedkarsociety.org\/assa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ambedkarsociety.org\/assa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ambedkarsociety.org\/assa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ambedkarsociety.org\/assa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104,"href":"https:\/\/ambedkarsociety.org\/assa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22\/revisions\/104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ambedkarsociety.org\/assa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}